I-Beijing Sai Microelectronics Co., Ltd. (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Sai Microelectronics”) ibingalindele ukuthi uhlelo lokuthola izinto olwalusayine isivumelwano ekupheleni konyaka odlule lwehlulekile ukwenzeka.
NgoNovemba 10, iSai Microelectronics yamemezela ukuthi ngobusuku bangoNovemba 9 (isikhathi saseBeijing), inkampani kanye nezinkampani ezingaphansi ezifanele zasekhaya nezangaphandle bathole idokhumenti yesinqumo esemthethweni evela ku-Federal Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action, evimbela iSweden Silex (ngokuphelele). -inkampani ephethwe yi-Sai Microelectronics e-Sweden) kusukela ekutholeni iJalimane i-FAB5 (i-Elmos yaseJalimane itholakala e-Dortmund, eNyakatho Rhine Westphalia, eJalimane).
I-Sai Microelectronics ithe i-Sweden Silex ithumele isicelo se-FDI salokhu kuthengwa kwempahla ku-Federal Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action ngoJanuwari 2022. Kusukela lapho, i-Silex yaseSweden kanye ne-Elmos yaseJalimane baye baxhumana eduze noMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho. kanye Nesenzo Sesimo Sezulu saseJalimane.Le nqubo yokubuyekeza eqinile ithathe cishe izinyanga eziyi-10.
Imiphumela yokubuyekezwa ibingekho njengoba bekulindelekile.I-Sai Microelectronics itshele intatheli ye-21st Century Business Herald, "Lo mphumela awulindelekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomsebenzi, futhi awuhambisani nemiphumela yethu elindelekile."U-Elmos naye “wazwakalisa ukuzisola” ngale ndaba.
Kungani lokhu kuthengiselana “kugqugquzelwe ngokuphelele ibhizinisi lokukhulisa ibhizinisi” kubangele ukuqapha nokuphazamiseka koMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho Nezimo Zezulu Wombuso WaseJalimane?Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini esingeside esidlule, i-COSCO Shipping Port Co., Ltd. iphinde yahlangabezana nezingqinamba ekutholeni kwayo i-Hamburg Container Terminal eJalimane.Ngemva kwengxoxo, uhulumeni waseJalimane ekugcineni wavuma uhlelo “lokuyekethisa”.
Mayelana nesinyathelo esilandelayo, iSai Microelectronics itshele izintatheli ezingama-21 ukuthi inkampani ithole imiphumela esemthethweni izolo ebusuku futhi manje ihlela umhlangano ukuze kuxoxwe ngawo.Asikho isinyathelo esilandelayo esicacile.
NgoNovemba 9, 2022, uZhao Lijian, okhulumela uMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseChina, ephendula imibuzo efanele esithangamini sabezindaba esijwayelekile ukuthi uhulumeni waseChina ubelokhu ekhuthaza amabhizinisi aseShayina ukuthi enze ukubambisana okuzuzisa ukutshalwa kwezimali phesheya kwezilwandle ngokuhambisana nebhizinisi. izimiso nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nesisekelo sokuthobela imithetho yendawo.Amazwe ahlanganisa neJalimane kufanele ahlinzeke ngendawo yemakethe enobulungiswa, evulekile nengabandlululi ukuze kusebenze okuvamile kwamabhizinisi aseShayina, futhi akufanele enze ipolitiki ngokubambisana okuvamile kwezomnotho nezohwebo, ingasaphathwa eyokuhileleka ekuvikeleni ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kwezwe.
Ukuvinjelwa
Ukuthengwa kwebhizinisi kwamabhizinisi aseJalimane ngamabhizinisi aseShayina kwehlulekile.
NgoNovemba 10, iSai Microelectronics yamemezela ukuthi ngobusuku bangoNovemba 9 (isikhathi saseBeijing), inkampani kanye nezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo zasekhaya nezangaphandle bathola umqulu wesinqumo osemthethweni ovela ku-Federal Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action, evimbela iSweden Silex ekutholeni iJalimane. I-FAB5.
Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, izinhlangothi zombili zokwenziwa zisayine isivumelwano sokutholwa esifanelekile.Ngokwesimemezelo, ngo-December 14, 2021, i-Sweden Silex ne-Germany Elmos Semiconductor SE (inkampani esohlwini lwe-Frankfurt Stock Exchange yaseJalimane) basayina Isivumelwano Sokuthenga Ngokulingana.I-Sweden Silex ihlose ukuthenga impahla ehlobene nolayini wokukhiqiza amashiphu ezimoto aseJalimane i-Elmos eseDortmund, eNyakatho Rhine Westphalia, eJalimane (eJalimane i-FAB5) ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-84.5 (okuhlanganisa nama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-7 wemali etholwayo yomsebenzi oqhubekayo).
I-Sai Microelectronics itshele intatheli ye-21st Century Economic News, “Lokhu kuqhutshwa kwebhizinisi kugqugquzelwa yibhizinisi lokukhulisa umkhakha webhizinisi.Leli yithuba elihle lokungena embonini yokukhiqiza ama-chips ezimoto, futhi i-FAB5 iyahambisana nebhizinisi lethu elikhona manje.”
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Elmos ikhombisa ukuthi inkampani ithuthukisa, ikhiqize futhi idayise ama-semiconductors asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto.Ngokusho kweSai Microelectronics, ama-chips akhiqizwa ulayini wokukhiqiza waseJalimane (Germany FAB5) azotholwa ngalesi sikhathi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto.Lo mzila wokukhiqiza ekuqaleni wawuyingxenye yangaphakathi ye-Elmos ngaphansi kwemodeli yebhizinisi le-IDM, ikakhulukazi ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokusungula ama-chip enkampanini.Njengamanje, ikhasimende laseJalimane le-FAB5 yi-Elmos, eJalimane.Kunjalo, kukhona anhlobonhlobo abakhiqizi abasebenzisanayo bama-chips akhiqizwayo, okubandakanya abahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto ezahlukahlukene njengezwe laseJalimane, iDelphi, i-Japanese Dianzhuang, i-Korean Hyundai, i-Avemai, i-Alpine, i-Bosch, i-LG Electronics, i-Mitsubishi Electronics, i-Omron Electronics, i-Panasonic. , njll.
ISai Microelectronics ithe entathelini yesi-21: “Selokhu kwasayinwa isivumelwano, inqubo yokuthengiselana phakathi kwenkampani ne-Elmos, eJalimane, isithathe cishe unyaka.Uhlelo luwukuqhubekela phambili kancane kancane ekulethweni kokugcina.Manje lo mphumela ubungalindelekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuthengiselana, okungahambisani nomphumela wethu olindelekile.”
Ngomhla ziyisi-9 kuNovemba, u-Elmos naye wakhipha umbiko kwabezindaba ngalolu daba, ethi ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe obusha be-micro mechanical (MEMS) obuvela eSweden kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile efektri yaseDortmund bekungase kuqinise ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor yaseJalimane.Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa, ukuthengiswa kwemboni ye-wafer akukwazi ukuqedwa.Izinkampani ezifanele i-Elmos kanye neSilex zizwakalise ukuzisola ngalesi sinqumo.
U-Elmos uphinde waveza ukuthi ngemva kwezinyanga ezicishe zibe yi-10 zenqubo yokubuyekeza ejulile, uMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho Nesimo Sezulu Wombuso waseJalimane ubonise ukugunyazwa ngaphansi kwemibandela yezinhlangano ezinentshisekelo futhi wathumela ukugunyazwa okusalungiswa.Ukuvinjelwa okwamenyezelwa kwanqunywa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sokubuyekeza, futhi akukho ukulalelwa okudingekayo okunikezwa uSilex no-Elmos.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi bobabili abathintekayo emsebenzini bayaxolisa kakhulu ngalo msebenzi "ngaphambi kwesikhathi".U-Elmos uthe uzocubungula kahle izinqumo ezitholiwe nokuthi ngabe akukho yini ukwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo amaqembu, bese ethatha isinqumo sokuthi azithathele izinyathelo zomthetho.
Imithetho emibili yokubuyekeza
Ngokwesitatimende soMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho Nesimo Sezulu WaseJalimane, lokhu kuthengiselana akuvunyelwe "ngoba ukutholwa kuzobeka engcupheni ukuhleleka komphakathi nokuvikeleka kweJalimane".
URobert Habeck, uNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho WaseJalimane, uthe esithangamini nabezindaba: "Lapho kubandakanyeka ingqalasizinda ebalulekile noma kunengozi yokuthi ubuchwepheshe bugeleze kubazuzi abangebona be-EU, kufanele sinakisise ukuthengwa kwebhizinisi."
UDing Chun, umqondisi we-European Studies Center yaseFudan University kanye noprofesa we-European Union uJean Monet, uthe kuMbiki Wezindaba Zomnotho wekhulu lama-21 ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza eChina nokuncintisana kuhlale kuthuthuka, futhi iJalimane, njengamandla okukhiqiza endabuko, ayishintshiwe. kulokhu.Lokhu kuthengiselana kuhilela ukukhiqizwa kwe-automobile chip.Esimweni sokuntuleka okuvamile kwama-cores embonini yezimoto, iJalimane inovalo kakhulu.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ngoFebhuwari 8 kulo nyaka, iKhomishini YaseYurophu yaphasisa uMthetho we-European Chips, ohlose ukuqinisa i-EU semiconductor ecosystem, ukuqinisekisa ukunwebeka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwama-chip nokunciphisa ukuncika kwamanye amazwe.Kungabonakala ukuthi i-EU kanye namazwe angamalungu ayo anethemba lokuzuza ukuzimela okukhulu emkhakheni we-semiconductor.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni waseJalimane ziye zafaka “ingcindezi” ngokuphindaphindiwe ekuthengeni amabhizinisi aseShayina.Kungekudala, i-COSCO Shipping Port Co., Ltd. iphinde yahlangabezana nezingqinamba ekutholeni kwayo i-Hamburg Container Terminal eJalimane.Ngokufanayo, lesi sivumelwano sokuthenga amasheya sisayinwe ngonyaka odlule, futhi zombili izinhlangothi zavumelana ukuthenga nokudayisa amasheya angama-35% enkampani eqondiwe.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, leli cala lokutholwa kwechweba ladala impikiswano eJalimane.Ezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni waseJalimane zazikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuzokwandisa ngokulinganayo ithonya lesu laseShayina nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha yaseJalimane neyaseYurophu.Kodwa-ke, uNdunankulu waseJalimane u-Schultz ubelokhu ekhuthaza ngenkuthalo lokhu kutholwa, futhi ekugcineni wakhuthaza uhlelo "lokuvumelana" - ukugunyaza ukutholwa kwamasheya angaphansi kwama-25%.
Kulokhu kuthengiselana okubili, “amathuluzi” uhulumeni waseJalimane awavimbekile kwakuyi-Foreign Economic Law (AWG) kanye ne-Foreign Economic Regulations (AWV).Kuyaqondakala ukuthi le mithetho emibili iyisisekelo esisemthethweni sokuthi uhulumeni waseJalimane angenelele emisebenzini yokutshalwa kwezimali kwabatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe eJalimane eminyakeni yamuva.U-Zhang Huailing, uprofesa ohlanganyele we-Law School of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics kanye nodokotela wezomthetho waseYunivesithi yase-Humboldt eBerlin, eJalimane, utshele i-21st Century Economic Reporter ukuthi le mithetho emibili igunyaza uMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho kanye Nesenzo Sesimo Sezulu saseJalimane. ukubuyekeza ukuhlanganiswa nokutholwa kwamabhizinisi aseJalimane ngabatshalizimali bangaphandle be-EU nabangewona e-EU.
U-Zhang Huailing wethule ukuthi selokhu uMidea athola i-KUKA ngo-2016, uhulumeni waseJalimane uhlale ebuyekeza le mithetho engenhla.Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwakamuva kweMithetho Yezomnotho Yangaphandle, ukubuyekezwa kokuphepha kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe eJalimane kusahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: "ukubuyekezwa okukhethekile kokuphepha kwembonini" kanye "nokubuyekezwa kokuphepha kwemboni yonke".Okwakuqala kuhloswe kakhulu kwezempi kanye neminye imikhakha ehlobene, futhi umkhawulo wokubuyekezwa ukuthi abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe bathola u-10% wamalungelo okuvota enkampani eqondiwe;“Ukubuyekezwa kokuphepha kwemboni ehlukahlukene” kuhlukaniswa ngokwezimboni ezihlukene: okokuqala, umkhawulo wokuvota ongu-10% usetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni nasekuthathweni kwamabhizinisi ayisikhombisa abalulekile engqalasizinda asemthethweni (njengabasebenzi bengqalasizinda ababalulekile nabahlinzeki babo bezingxenye ezibalulekile abaqashelwa umnyango wezokuphepha. , kanye namabhizinisi abezindaba zomphakathi);Okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe obungukhiye obusemthethweni obungu-20 (ikakhulukazi i-semiconductor, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, njll.) busebenzisa umkhawulo wokubuyekeza wamalungelo okuvota angu-20%.Zombili zidinga ukumenyezelwa kusengaphambili.Eyesithathu ingezinye izinkambu ngaphandle kwezinkambu ezingenhla.Umkhawulo wokuvota ongu-25% uyasebenza ngaphandle kwesimemezelo sangaphambili.
Esimeni sokutholwa kwechweba le-COSCO Shipping, u-25% usuphenduke umkhawulo obalulekile.Ikhabhinethi yaseJalimane yasho ngokucacile ukuthi ngaphandle kwenqubo entsha yokubuyekeza ukutshalwa kwezimali, lo mkhawulo awukwazi ukudlula esikhathini esizayo (ukuthola okwengeziwe).
Ngokuqondene nokutholwa kwe-Swedish Silex ye-FAB5 yaseJalimane, u-Zhang Huailing waveza ukuthi i-Sai Microelectronics ibhekane nezingcindezi ezintathu eziyinhloko: okokuqala, nakuba umtholi oqondile walokhu kuthengiselana kwakuyibhizinisi elitholakala eYurophu, umthetho waseJalimane unikeze izigatshana zokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa nokuvinjelwa, okungukuthi, uma ngabe ukuhlelwa komsebenzi bekudizayinelwe ukweqa isibuyekezo sabatholi benkampani yangaphandle, noma ngabe isitholi bekuyibhizinisi le-EU, amathuluzi okubuyekeza ukuvikela angasetshenziswa;Okwesibili, imboni ye-semiconductor ibhalwe ngokucacile kukhathalogi yobuchwepheshe ebalulekile "engase isongele ukuhleleka komphakathi nokuphepha ikakhulukazi";Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi enkulu yokubuyekezwa kwezokuphepha ukuthi ingaqaliswa njenge-ex officio ngemva kokubuyekeza, futhi kube nezimo zokugunyazwa nokuhoxiswa.
U-Zhang Huailing wethula ukuthi “izimiso zomthetho zoMthetho Wezomnotho Wamazwe Ngamazwe zibeka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukungenelela kombuso ekuhwebeni kwezomnotho nakwamanye amazwe.Leli thuluzi lokungenelela alizange lisetshenziswe njalo ngaphambili.Kodwa-ke, ngezinguquko ze-geopolitics nomnotho eminyakeni yamuva nje, leli thuluzi selisetshenziswe kakhulu futhi kaningi”.Ukungaqiniseki kwemisebenzi yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhizinisi aseShayina eJalimane kubonakala kwenyukile.
Ukulimala okuphindwe kathathu: kuwena, kwabanye, embonini
Akungabazeki ukuthi le politiki yezohwebo ngeke izuze noma yiliphi iqembu.
UDing Chun uthe njengamanje, amaqembu amathathu aseJalimane abusa ngokubambisana, kanti iGreen Party kanye neLiberal Democratic Party banezwi eliqinile lokuqeda ukuncika kwabo eChina, okuphazamise kakhulu ukubambisana kwebhizinisi phakathi kweChina ne EJalimane.Uthe ukufakwa kwepolitiki ezindabeni zomnotho kanye nokuhlukaniswa okwenziwa ngabathile ekubambisaneni kwezamabhizinisi kushayisana nemigomo nemibono yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ukuhwebelana ngokukhululeka nokuncintisana okukhululekile okukhuthazwa yiJalimane, futhi kuphambene nakho ngokwezinga elithile.Izenzo ezinjalo ziyingozi kwabanye nakubo ngokwabo.
“Ngokwakhe, lokhu akuhambisani nokusebenza komnotho waseJalimane kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu bendawo.Ikakhulukazi, iJalimane njengamanje ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu yokwehla kwezomnotho.Kuye, lokhu kuqapha nokuvimbela kwamanye amazwe nakho kuwumonakalo omkhulu ekusimameni komnotho emhlabeni jikelele.Futhi njengamanje, ukuqapha kweJalimane ngezinkampani zaseChina ezithola izinkampani zaseJalimane akukathuthuki.”Kusho uDing Chun.
Embonini, kuphinde kube yifu elimnyama.Njengoba u-Elmos eshilo, lokhu kuthengiselana "kungase kuqinise ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor yaseJalimane".U-Duan Zhiqiang, umlingani owasungula i-Wanchuang Investment Bank, utshele i-21st Century Economic Report ukuthi ukwehluleka kwalokhu kutholwa kuyadabukisa, hhayi kumabhizinisi kuphela, kodwa nakuwo wonke umkhakha.
UDuan Zhiqiang uthe ukusatshalaliswa kobuchwepheshe bezimboni ngokuvamile kusabalale kusuka ezifundeni ezivuthiwe kuya ezimakethe ezisafufusa.Emgudwini ojwayelekile wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-semiconductor, ngokusatshalaliswa kancane kancane kobuchwepheshe, izinsiza zomphakathi ezengeziwe kanye nezinsiza zezimboni zizohehwa ukubamba iqhaza kukho, ukuze kuncishiswe ngokuqhubekayo izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukukhuthaza ukuphindaphindwa kwezobuchwepheshe embonini, futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa okujulile kwezimo zobuchwepheshe.
“Nokho, ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi i-United States noma amanye amazwe athuthukile azithathile izinyathelo ezinjalo, empeleni kuwuhlobo olusha lokuvikela ezohwebo.Akusizi ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo kwayo yonke imboni ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ukunqamula ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimboni, nokubambezela ukuthuthukiswa nokuphindaphindwa kobuchwepheshe bayo yonke imboni.”U-Duan Zhiqiang wayekholelwa ukuthi uma izenzo ezifanayo zingenziwa nakwezinye izimboni, kungaba yingozi kakhulu ekusimameni komnotho womhlaba, futhi ngeke abe khona onqobayo ekugcineni.
Unyaka wezi-2022 uqopha iminyaka engama-50 kwasungulwa ubudlelwano bobunxusa phakathi kweChina neJalimane.Ukubambisana kwezohwebo phakathi kwala mazwe womabili kunomlando omude.Ebujameni bokungaqiniseki komnotho womhlaba, imisebenzi yezomnotho neyohwebo yamazwe amabili isasebenza.Ngokombiko Wokutshalwa Kwezimali wango-2021 Wamabhizinisi Angaphandle eJalimane okhishwe yi-German Federal Foreign Trade and Investment Agency, inani lamaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali aseShayina eJalimane ngo-2021 lizoba ngu-149, likleliswe endaweni yesithathu.Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuSepthemba kulo nyaka, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangempela kweJalimane eShayina kukhuphuke ngo-114.3% (okuhlanganisa nedatha yokutshalwa kwezimali ngamachweba amahhala).
USolwazi, Isikole Samabhizinisi Amazwe Ngamazwe Nezomnotho, eNyuvesi Yebhizinisi Lamazwe Ngamazwe Nezomnotho uWang Jian, umqondisi woMnyango Wezamabhizinisi Amazwe Ngamazwe Nokubambisana Kwezomnotho, wathi kuMbiki Wezindaba Wezomnotho Wekhulu Lama-21: “Okwamanje, ibanga elingabonakali phakathi kwamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. liya liba lincane futhi lincipha, futhi ukuthembela komunye kanye nethonya elizuzisana phakathi kwamazwe liya ngokuya lijula.Yebo, lokhu kuzoholela kalula ezingxabanweni nasezingxabanweni ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi izwe, indlela yokuthola ukwethembana kanye nesimo sokuthuthuka esizinzile emhlabeni kuyisici esiyinhloko esinquma ikusasa lekusasa.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-11-2022