Entwasahlobo yalo nyaka, abantu baseMelika babegcwele amaphupho ngemboni yabo ye-chip.Ngo-March, kwakwakhiwa umshini wokulahla imfucumfucu nogandaganda eLijin County, e-Ohio, e-U.S.A., lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona imboni yama-chip esikhathini esizayo.I-Intel izomisa “amafekthri angama-wafer” amabili lapho, ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.Enkulumeni yakhe Yesimo SeNyunyana, uMongameli uBiden uthe lo mhlaba “uyizwe lamaphupho”.Wabubula ukuthi lokhu "kuyitshe legumbi lekusasa le-United States".
Isimo esiwubhubhane eminyakeni edlule sifakazele ukubaluleka kwama-chips empilweni yesimanje.Isidingo sezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe obuqhutshwa yi-chip sisakhula, futhi lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi namuhla.I-US Congress icubungula umthethosivivinywa we-chip, othembisa ukuhlinzeka ngoxhaso lwenani eliyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-US $52 ezimbonini zasekhaya ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika kwe-US kumafekthri ama-chip angaphandle kanye namaphrojekthi asekelayo afana nefekthri ye-Intel's Ohio.
Nokho, ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, la maphupho abukeka njengamaphupho amabi.Isidingo se-silicon sibonakala sincipha ngokushesha njengoba sikhula phakathi nalolu bhubhane.
I-Micron Technologies Chip Factory
Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi yeThe Economist ngo-Okthoba 17, ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ukuthengiswa kwekota kweMicron Technologies, umkhiqizi we-memory chip ekomkhulu e-Idaho, kwehle ngo-20% unyaka nonyaka.Ngemva kwesonto, inkampani yaseCalifornia yokuklama ama-chips i-Chaowei Semiconductor yehlisa isibikezelo sayo sokuthengisa engxenyeni yesithathu ngo-16%.I-Bloomberg ibike ukuthi i-Intel ikhiphe umbiko wayo wakamuva wekota ngo-Okthoba 27. Uchungechunge lwemiphumela emibi lungase luqhubeke, bese inkampani ihlela ukudiliza izinkulungwane zabasebenzi.Kusukela ngoJulayi, cishe ama-30 ezinkampani ezinkulu zama-chip e-United States zehlise izibikezelo zazo zemali engenayo engxenyeni yesithathu zisuka ku-$99 billion zaya ku-$88 billion.Kuze kube manje kulo nyaka, inani lemakethe eliphelele lezinkampani ezisebenza ngamasemiconductor ezisohlwini lwase-United States lehle ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5.
Ngokombiko, imboni ye-chip nayo idume ngezikhathi zayo ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu: kuzothatha iminyaka eminingana ukwakha amandla amasha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo, bese isidingo ngeke sisashisa mhlophe.E-United States, uhulumeni uyawukhuthaza lo mjikelezo.Kuze kube manje, imboni yezimpahla zabathengi izizwe iqine kakhulu mayelana nokuwohloka komnotho okujikelezayo.Amakhompuyutha omuntu siqu nama-smartphones ahlanganisa cishe ingxenye yezigidigidi ezingama- $600 ezithengiswa minyaka yonke zama-chip.Ngenxa yokweqisa ngesikhathi salolu bhubhane, abathengi abathintekayo ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali bathenga imikhiqizo embalwa ye-elekthronikhi.UGartner ulindele ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwe-smartphone kwehle ngo-6% kulo nyaka, kanti ukuthengiswa kwe-PC kuzokwehla ngo-10%.NgoFebhuwari kulo nyaka, i-Intel yatshela abatshalizimali ukuthi ilindele ukuthi isidingo samakhompyutha womuntu siqu sizokhula kancane eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi ukuthengwa okuningi ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19 sekuthuthukisiwe, futhi izinkampani ezinjalo zilungisa amathemba azo.
Abahlaziyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inkinga elandelayo yokusabalala ingase ibe kwezinye izindawo.Ukuthengwa kovalo ngesikhathi sokushoda kwama-chip emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka odlule kubangele isitokwe se-silicon eseqile kubakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto nabakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zezentengiselwano.I-New Street Research ilinganisela ukuthi kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, ukuthengiswa okuhlobene kwe-chip yamabhizinisi ezimboni kwakucishe kube ngama-40% ngaphezu kwenani eliphakeme lomlando.Abenzi be-PC nezinkampani zezimoto nazo zigcwele kahle.I-Intel Corporation kanye ne-Micron Technologies amathe ingxenye yokusebenza okubuthakathaka kwakamuva kuhlu lwezimpahla eziphezulu.
Ukutholakala ngokweqile kanye nesidingo esibuthakathaka sezivele zithinta amanani.Ngokwedatha ye-Future Vision, intengo yama-memory chips yehle ngokuphindwe kabili kwezinhlanu onyakeni odlule.Intengo yama-logic chips acubungula idatha futhi athengiswa kancane kunama-memory chips ehle ngo-3% esikhathini esifanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Wall Street Journal yase-United States ibike ukuthi i-United States itshale imali eningi emkhakheni wama-chip, kodwa umhlaba usuvele ususebenzise izikhuthazo zokukhiqiza ama-chip kuyo yonke indawo, okwenza imizamo ye-United States ibe lula kakhulu insangu.INingizimu Korea inochungechunge lwezisusa eziqinile zokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-chip cishe kwezigidigidi ezingama-260 zamadola eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.I-Japan itshala imali elinganiselwa ku-$6 billion ukuze iphinde kabili imali engenayo yama-chip ekupheleni kwaleli shumi leminyaka.
Eqinisweni, i-American Semiconductor Industry Association, iqembu labahwebi bemboni, nayo yabona ukuthi cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zamandla okukhiqiza ama-chip omhlaba manje asatshalaliswa e-Asia.I-United States yaba ngamaphesenti ayi-13 kuphela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-03-2022