[Umbiko ogcwele weGlobal Times] “indlela yase-US ‘iwumkhakha wesayensi nobuchwepheshe’ ovamile.”Mayelana nesicelo sikahulumeni wase-US sokuthi izinkampani ezimbili zama-chip e-US ziyeke ukuthumela ama-chips e-computing asezingeni eliphezulu e-China, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseShayina u-Wang Wenbin uthe ngo-September 1 ukuthi "i-China iphikisana ngokuqinile nalokhu."Izintengo zesitoko ze-NVIDIA ne-AMD, ezithinteke ngokuqondile emikhawulweni emisha yase-US, zehla ngokuphendula.Ngo-Agasti 31, zehle ngo-6.6% no-3.7% ngokulandelana.I-NVIDIA ithe ukuthengiswa kwayo okungaba izigidi ezingama- $ 400 kule kota kungase kuhwamuke.Manje, ukusebenza kwabakhiqizi bama-chip baseMelika kusesikhathini esinzima.Njengoba uShu jueting, okhulumela uMnyango Wezohwebo waseChina, esho, indlela yase-US izophinde ibe nomthelela omkhulu ezithakazelweni zethu amabhizinisi.Sekuyisikhathi eside i-United States yethula izinyathelo ezilandelanayo zokucindezela ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wama-chip waseChina.Ngezinyathelo zakamuva zokukhawulela, iReuters ikholelwa ukuthi "kumaka ukuthuthuka okukhulu kokuhlasela kwe-United States emandleni ezobuchwepheshe eChina".Umhlaziyi wasekhaya okwaxoxwa naye yi-global times on the 1st uthe ngakolunye uhlangothi, sidinga ukuqaphela ukuthi i-United States izoqhubeka nokushaya "i-punch ehlanganisiwe" ngokumelene nemboni ye-semiconductor yaseChina, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthekelisa kwe-US. ukuvinjelwa futhi kuyithuba lokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kochungechunge lwezimboni zasekhaya zama-chip, elinokusebenzelana okwanele phakathi komfula okhuphuka nomfula.
I-NVIDIA yashaywa kanzima futhi yathi ixhumana namakhasimende aseShayina
Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-CNBC yase-United States kubikwe ngo-September 1, embhalweni othunyelwe ku-US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), i-NVIDIA ithe ithole isicelo esisha semvume kuhulumeni wase-US ngo-Agasti 26 ukuze kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe esikhathini esizayo. ama-chips ukuya e-China (kuhlanganise ne-Hong Kong).Lesi sinyathelo kuthiwa sixazulula ubungozi bokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene noma idluliselwe e-China "ekusetshenzisweni kokuphela kwezempi" noma "umsebenzisi wokugcina wezempi".
Ngo-Agasti 31, i-New York Times yacaphuna i-NVIDIA ithi lezi zinyathelo ezintsha zizothinta umkhiqizo okhona wenkampani i-A100 kanye nomkhiqizo i-H100 okulindeleke ukuthi wethulwe ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka.I-NVIDIA ikholelwa ukuthi imithetho kahulumeni wase-US ingase ilimaze ikhono layo lokuqedela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-H100 ngesikhathi noma isekele amakhasimende akhona e-A100.Kubikwa ukuthi lo mkhawulo uyasebenza naseRussia, kodwa i-NVIDIA ayidayisi imikhiqizo eRussia okwamanje.
Umkhulumeli we-AMD utshele abeReuters ukuthi inkampani iphinde yathola isicelo semvume esisha kuhulumeni, okuzoholela ekutheni iyeke ukudayisela ama-mi250 ama-intelligence chips eChina.U-Amd ukholelwa ukuthi i-chip ye-mi100 akufanele ithinteke.
AbakwaReuters bathi uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US ngeke udalule ukuthi yimaphi amazinga amasha osuwabekile okuthunyelwa kwe-AI chips e-China, kodwa wathi uMnyango ububuyekeza izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezihlobene ne-China ukuze uvimbele “ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile ukuthi buwele ezandleni ezingafanele. abantu”.
Mayelana nezinyathelo ezintsha ezithathwe yi-United States, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseShayina u-Wang Wenbin uthe ngoSepthemba 1 ukuthi i-United States yenza ipolitiki, yasebenzisa izinsimbi futhi yahlomisa izindaba zesayensi, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho nezohwebo, yazibandakanya "ekuvinjweni kwezobuchwepheshe" kanye "nokwehlukanisa ubuchwepheshe. ”, izame ngokungenanjongo ukubusa isayensi nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile emhlabeni, ivikele isayensi nezobuchwepheshe, futhi ibukela phansi uxhaxha lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla lokubambisana okuseduze, okuzohluleka.
"Uhlangothi lwase-US kufanele luyeke ngokushesha imikhuba yalo eyiphutha, luphathe amabhizinisi awo wonke amazwe ngendlela efanele, okuhlanganisa namabhizinisi aseShayina, futhi lenze okwengeziwe ukuze kuzuze ukuzinza kwezomnotho emhlabeni."Ngalo lolo suku, uShu jueting, okhulumela uMnyango Wezohwebo waseChina, naye waphendula kulolu daba.
Njengoba u-Shu jueting esho, indlela yase-US ngeke ilimaze nje kuphela amalungelo asemthethweni nezintshisakalo zamabhizinisi aseShayina, kodwa futhi izothinta kakhulu izithakazelo zamabhizinisi aseMelika.I-Wall Street Journal yathi ngoSepthemba 1 ukuthi i-NVIDIA ingumkhiqizi we-chip obaluleke kakhulu e-United States, futhi ibusa imakethe emkhakheni wama-chips obuhlakani bokwenziwa.Kodwa-ke, ukwethulwa komthethonqubo omusha eWashington kufika ngesikhathi esinzima kubakhiqizi be-chip.Ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali okukhulu kanye nokuwohloka kwamathemba ezomnotho, amandla abantu okusebenzisa avinjelwe, futhi isidingo samakhompiyutha, imidlalo yevidiyo, ama-smartphone kanye nezinye izinto zikagesi sehlile.
I-NVIDIA ithe esitatimendeni ixhumana namakhasimende aseChina ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo yenkampani ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zawo ezihleliwe noma ezizayo.Inkampani ihlela ukufaka isicelo kuhulumeni wase-US ukuze ithole ukukhululwa okufanelekile kokuthekelisa, kodwa “asikho isiqinisekiso” sokuthi izovunyelwa.I-CNBC ithe uma amabhizinisi aseShayina enquma ukungayithengi eminye imikhiqizo ehlinzekwe yi-NVIDIA, laba bazolahlekelwa yi-$400 million ekuthengisweni kule kota.I-NVIDIA ngesonto eledlule ibikezele ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwekota yesithathu yalo nyaka kuzokwehla ngo-17% unyaka nonyaka kuye ku-$5.9 billion.Ngokombiko wezezimali okhishwe yile nkampani, imali engenayo isiyonke ngonyaka wezimali odlule yayingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26.91, kanti imali engenayo eChina (kuhlanganise neHong Kong) yayingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7.11, ibalwa ngama-26.4%.
Ngokusho kwe-Wall Street Journal, i-NVIDIA ikholelwa ukuthi ngisho noma uhulumeni wase-US ekugunyaza ukukhululwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, izimbangi zingazuza kukho, njengabahlinzeki be-semiconductor abavela e-China, Israel kanye namazwe aseYurophu, ngoba "inqubo yokukhishwa kwamalayisensi izokwenza ukuthengisa kwethu nokusekela kusebenze. eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi engaqinisekile, futhi ikhuthaze amakhasimende aseShayina ukuthi athole ezinye izindlela ”.I-Amd ikholelwa ukuthi imithetho emisha ngeke ibe nomthelela omkhulu ebhizinisini layo.
Lesi sinyathelo esisha sikaWashington sesidonse ukunaka kwabezindaba kulesi siqhingi.I-NVIDIA ne-AMD zingamakhasimende ayi-10 aphambili e-TSMC, enza cishe u-10% wemali engenayo.Uma ukuthunyelwa kwe-chip yabo kuncipha, kuzophinde kuthinte ukusebenza kwe-TSMC, iZhongshi News yaseTaiwan yabika ngomhlaka-1.Ngokusho kombiko, okuthintekile ukwehla kwamasheya ase-US kanye nokwethulwa ngokuzumayo kwemikhawulo ekuthunyelweni kwe-chips yokwenziwa kwe-intelligence ephezulu e-United States, amasheya aseTaiwan avuleke aphansi futhi awela ngomhla ka-1.Ekugcineni, “behle” ngamaphuzu acishe abe ngu-300, futhi intengo yamasheya ye-TSMC yehle ngaphansi kwe-NT $500 ekuhwebeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukusetha "umkhawulo wokusebenza" wama-chips athunyelwa e-China?
Umphathi wemboni okwaxoxwa naye yi-Wall Street Journal uhlaziye ukuthi ukuvinjelwa akuthinti kuphela i-NVIDIA ne-AMD, kodwa futhi kusetha “umkhawulo wokusebenza” kwamanye ama-chips asezingeni eliphezulu asebenza ngekhompyutha yobuhlakani bokwenziwa ezothunyelwa eChina.Ngokubona kweReuters, imikhawulo emisha yokuthumela ama-chip “iphawula ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kokuhlasela kwe-US emandleni ezobuchwepheshe aseChina”.
I-New York Times ikholelwa ukuthi izinyathelo ezintsha ezimelene neChina neRussia ziwumzamo wakamuva kahulumeni wase-US wokusebenzisa ama-semiconductors njengethuluzi lokuvimbela izimbangi ekwenzeni inqubekelaphambili kumakhompyutha asebenza kahle kakhulu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa neminye imikhakha.Ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuyingxenye yemizamo ye-United States ne-China yokuncintisana ngesikhundla esihamba phambili sobuchwepheshe obuphambili.
Kubikwa ukuthi ama-chips e-A100, H100 kanye ne-mi250 wonke ayimikhiqizo ye-GPU (i-graphics processor).Emkhakheni wochwepheshe, i-GPU iwumthombo obalulekile wamandla ekhompiyutha emikhakheni yezikhungo zedatha, amakhompyutha asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa.AbakwaReuters bathe uma ama-chips asezingeni eliphezulu amabhizinisi aseMelika afana ne-NVIDIA ne-AMD engatholakali, amandla amabhizinisi aseShayina okwenza imisebenzi esezingeni eliphezulu efana nokuqashelwa kwezithombe nokuqashelwa kwezwi azoba buthaka.Ukuqashelwa kwesithombe nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo kuvamile ezinhlelweni zocingo oluhlakaniphile, njengokuphendula imibuzo yabasebenzisi nokumaka izithombe.Le misebenzi futhi inezinhlelo zezempi, ezifana nokusesha izithombe zesathelayithi eziqukethe izikhali noma izisekelo zempi, nokuhlunga okuqukethwe kokuxhumana kwedijithali ukuze kuqoqwe ubuhlakani.
Kuphinde kube yithuba eChina
Ngokwe-Wall Street Journal, sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ukuthi i-United States ibeke imingcele ekuhwebeni neChina nasekuthengisweni kwama-chips.Maphakathi no-Agasti, i-United States yamemezela ukulawula ukuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe kubuchwepheshe obune, okuhlanganisa namathuluzi e-software e-EDA.Umthetho we-chip and Science Act wango-2022 osayinwe nguMongameli wase-US u-Biden ngo-Agasti 9 ubeka ukuthi amabhizinisi athola uxhaso lukahulumeni awakwazi ukukhulisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwama-chips “enqubo ethuthukisiwe” e-China (ngokuvamile abhekwa njengokubhekisela kuma-chips angaphansi kuka-28nm).Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezindaba baseMelika badalule ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuthi izinkampani ezimbili zemishini ye-chip e-United States ziqinisekisile ukuthi iWashington yabacela ukuthi banganikezi imishini yokukhiqiza ama-chips angu-14 nm nangaphansi eChina.
UGu Wenjun, umhlaziyi omkhulu we-SMIC Consulting, utshele izikhathi zomhlaba ngomhlaka-1 ukuthi ngokwethula uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezivimbelayo, i-United States ihlose ukucindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezixhumanisi eziphezulu zaseChina emkhakheni wesayensi nobuchwepheshe.Ekuqaleni, yagunyaza i-Huawei ne-ZTE engxenyeni yokugcina, futhi kamuva yaqondisa i-Hisilicon emkhakheni wokuklama ama-chip kanye ne-SMIC emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ama-chip.UGu Wenjun uthe esikhathini esifushane, i-United States inethemba lokuthi "izohlukanisa" futhi "iphule iketanga" eChina engxenyeni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu yama-chips.Esikhathini esimaphakathi ukuya esikhathini eside, i-United States inethemba lokuthi yona kanye nabalingani bayo ngeke isancika kakhulu emakethe yaseShayina futhi inciphise ukushintshana kwezinto zokukhiqiza neChina.
"Imikhawulo ye-chip yase-US ayikwazi ukumisa inqubekelaphambili yomkhakha we-semiconductor waseChina."Isikhungo sezindaba zesathelayithi saseRussia sicaphune izazi zithi embonini yamanje ye-semiconductor, okuhlanganisa ne-China, ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-28nm buseyisisekelo sabakhiqizi abaningi ukugcina inzuzo futhi babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor obuphambili.Ubuchwepheshe be-chip obuthuthuke kakhulu buwusizo kakhulu, kodwa lusabala ingxenye ephansi yayo yonke imboni ye-semiconductor.Mayelana nokuthi izinyathelo ezivimbelayo zase-US zizoba nomthelela wesikhathi eside e-China, kuncike ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqizwa kanye nokuklanywa kwemboni ye-semiconductor yakamuva.Eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kufanele kuguquke futhi kuvele ubuchwepheshe obusha.
“Ngokomunye umbono, ukuvinjelwa kokuthekelisa kwe-United States kuphinde kube yithuba embonini yasekhaya yama-chip.Phambilini bekungekho ukuxhumana okwanele phakathi kwamabhizinisi akhuphukayo naphansi embonini yasekhaya, kodwa ngokuzayo, sizophinde siqinise ukushintshwa kwasekhaya. "U-Han Xiaomin, umphathi jikelele we-Jiwei Consulting, utshele izikhathi zomhlaba ukuthi amabhizinisi emboni yasekhaya kufanele azisekele emakethe yasekhaya, kancane kancane asungule uhlelo oluphelele lwe-chip industry ecosystem, futhi athuthukise ikhono lemboni lokulwa nengozi, ukuncintisana kanye nomthelela emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2022